Here already more than centuries the military enterprises of the XIV-th century borrow
imagination of the western scientists, in particular, thanks to Spanish
to mercenaries of the so-called Catalan Company under leadership
very exotic figure Rogera de Flora (Roger de Flor). However,
much more significant contribution to military history of the specified
time another, ethnically more solid group of mercenaries,
consisting from Alan – the tempered veterans of the Mongolian Gold armies
Hordes, it appeared underestimated, if at all known as western,
and to the Russian experts.
The beginning of the XIV century is noted by serious military failures
The Byzantian empire in Anatoli and the first military victories
the founder of the Ottoman state – Turkish leader Osman.
Research of a special role of the alansky military contingent can
to shed additional light the reasons of military defeats
Byzantines in Anatoli. Besides, the most part Alan, survived in
their Caucasian citadels, eventually became modern
Ossetians who live in the Russian Federation and make
problem part of the Georgian Republic – independent South Ossetia,
recognized Russia. Therefore any aspect of their history causes
heightened interest in the West.
Scientists of Western Europe, especially Spanish, long ago involve
adventures of the Catalan Company in the east.
They like to compare them to Cortes and Pisarro's enterprises in
To America. The Catalan Company consisted of aragonets, Calabrians and
Sicilians. However she received the name because
the majority of commanders and the most skilled soldiers were Catalans.
Their frame was made by so-called "almogaver" (Almogavers) –
well trained lightarmed infantrymen, mainly from
limits of the United Kingdom of Aragon and Katalonii.1 As
this kingdom is now a part of the Spanish state,
the history of this company is studied by mainly Spanish historians. In
research process they found out that from the Byzantian party
Catalans were resisted by other professional mercenaries – аланы.
At the end of the XIX century Catalan scientist Antonio Rubio-i-Lluch the big
part of the scientific career devoted to detailed research
In 1972 Alfonso Loui made stories of Catalan Kompanii.2 these
researches by property of English-speaking audience, thanks to the
to work under the name «Revenge of Catalans».3 Rather recently
other Catalan scientist Agusti Alemani focused the interest
directly on аланах.4
However its remarkable work still costs independently, so
as the western scientists, generally only mention Alan in a context them
the main interest which has been completely concentrated on Catalans.
Alan they characterize only as the Byzantian mercenaries and
the worst enemies of Catalans. It is possible to express their position to the rough
cowboy's phrase: «That remained from the Byzantian empire, was
there is not enough for two gangs therefore one gang destroyed another».
In view of such relation of the western historians, a great luck it is possible
to consider that historical sources of that time kept
quite entire accounts about the alansky contingent also are available in
translation into modern western languages. Main source,
which the western researchers Catalan today use
The companies, Ramon Muntanera's "Chronicle", the Catalan officer is
specified компании.5 It was not only the direct participant
all main fights of the company, but also financed its enterprises and,
thus, had access to all reports on its actions. Except
that, it possessed doubtless talent of the writer. Muntaner wrote on
medieval Catalan language, and its chronicle was translated on
Spanish and английский.6 Passionately protecting actions of the colleagues
and in pejorative tone speaking about Byzantines, Muntaner, that not
less, Alan couldn't hide the admiration of military qualities and
gives about them very interesting information. Other historical
the report under the name «Expedition of Catalans and aragonets against the Turk
and Greeks» belongs to a feather of scientist-aristocrat Francisco de Monkad
(1620г.).7 The author wasn't limited to simple retelling of the chronicle
Muntanera. Monkada carefully compared and critically estimated
attestations of eyewitnesses and various reports of contemporaries, as
Catalans, and Greeks, having made, unlike Muntaner,
quite objective composition, in which all episodes, where
аланы were crossed with the Catalans, in the highest way estimated
advantages Alan.
However, to estimate a role Alan in this history most
objectively and fully, we considered necessary to involve the Greek
sources. In this regard it is impossible to overestimate value of the such
Byzantian source as George Pakhimer's Relationes Historicas
(~1242-1310). 8 that a source is a statement of events in
empires from 1256 to 1307. Pakhimer provides the fullest report
about expedition Alan. Being highly educated and it is good
the informed person, Pakhimer close communicated with emperors
Mikhail VIII and son of the last Andronik II (1261-1308gg.). To
to regret, this important source is written by so elaborate language that
does episodes interesting us quite difficult for understanding
true estimates of the author As the author noted, considering that that or
other truthful statement can damage to political interests
(empires), it simply lowered these plots. In this regard Pakhimer
is the doubtless predecessor and the teacher of many modern
the historians willingly endowing truth to please the political
environment and following of so-called "political correctness". In the same
time Pakhimer argued that he wrote about to what was
the direct eyewitness, or that learned from participants
described events, critically comparing their reports for
objectivity of a statement. As we will arrive also, comparing notes
Pakhimer about аланах with the corresponding data from the chronicle
Muntanera and other sources describing similar with
From Bulgaria alans went together with the families in
tilt carts and vehicles. Andronik imposed a special tax, for the account
of which alans should be paid a salary, and also
supplied them with horses and arms at the expense of the army. Sources not
specify, why alans so many horses and what type were necessary
arms to them it was provided, but all of them note that the imperial
the authorities enclosed large sums in providing Alan all
the necessary. Pakhimer, in particular, reports that Andronik more not
believed in abilities of the armies to resist to Turks and it was convinced,
that only аланы can consult with it.
We can assume, why аланы needed in almost
fundamental rearmament. It should answer them
to traditional tactics to battle the tyazhelovooruzhenny horse
connections. Were for this purpose necessary especially prepared, strong
horses, capable to bear tyazhelovooruzhenny horseback rider.
Restoration of arms and бронезащиты alansky konnik and
infantrymen of the XIII-XV centuries on the basis of archaeological artifacts gives
quite complete idea of how the such expensively could cost
армия.18 it is besides difficult to present, that Mongols could
to release Alan, actually deserting of their army, having supplied them
all necessary to the road and also to allow to grasp them with itself
the best arms.
However and Byzantines, despite considerable expenses, not
all could provide completely to restore the alansky fighting
power. Besides, emperor, or, most likely, his officers
undertook such actions concerning formation of the alans
parts which as we will show further, considerably undermined them
fighting efficiency. Traditionally аланы got used to battle in
structure of big connection in a uniform system. So was and at Nogaye.
First the emperor also «asked, that alans were at war in Anatoli in
to the habitual manner, that is all together so that they could
to hang together in fight». It was meant that in the Mongolian
armies of Nogaya аланы made separate тумен in 10 000 people under
command alans officers.19 Such contingent was
under the uniform beginning of the Supreme military head, whose authority
the leader it was indisputable also which supported in the army
cast-iron discipline. Muntaner mentions such alansky leader on
Girgon's name. The Byzantian source calls it on Greek-
Christian manners (it is visible, according to the accord) Georgous i.e. George.
Under this name it is mentioned in 1304 when alans already were at war with
katalans.20
Some details describing Girgon, it to become and
features of behavior, give the grounds to assume that he was
Supreme leader Alan. About it tells also its alano-Ossetian name.
In Ossetian language the root of goyr/gurae is meant by "figure", and in
connection with kond-gour (y) k«nd=gyrkond, where «d» inflection in the oral
speeches can drop out, gives Girkon/Girgon. Name, worthy
the commander-in-chief as it designates «the ridge, main
support, big figure» – chiefe.21 Thus, Georgous
According to Pakhimer's report, on April 22 emperor Mikhail IX
went to Magnesia on Germa, having headed big army from the elite
alansky cavalry. The last the competent actions
cleared the plain from «behaving outrageously in settlements» the Turk, having grasped
large number captured and «rich military trophies». Turks ran
to mountains. The inspired Mikhail convinced officers to attack the Turk, while
they didn't recover from defeat and didn't prepare for defense.
Pakhimer specifies that the initiative was on the party of Byzantines, and
the moral spirit in armies was high, thanks to resolute actions
Alan, not lost in attack of any fighter. However the Byzantian
voivodes broke the begun approach, having convinced the emperor to stop
attack, allegedly being afraid for his life. Actually Pakhimer accused
the Byzantian commanders in cowardice: «And huge and it is good
the armed army returned (to Magnesia – And. I., S. J.), not
having finished successfully begun approach».33 It is possible to present only
indignation Alan – the tempered veterans of the Mongolian armies such
behavior of the Byzantian commanders. As one would expect, these
events turned back accident. Encouraged unexpected and
undeserved success Turks in huge weight rushed on
defenseless settlements, plundering and killing. And at this time the Byzantian
the army disappeared behind walls of Magnesia and observed, how poor
Christians sought safety in flight on islands at the western coast.
Now, when passes to agricultural areas were
are unblocked, Turks could manage there freely.
Meanwhile Alan at Byzantines expired contractual year of service, and
they decided that from them it is enough such "leadership". They explained
to the emperor that never used them for long military
the companies, and at Nogaya they participated only in solving battles, and
then went on rest and restoration. It is very remarkable,
that for nine centuries before the Roman officer serving at court
gunnsky leader Attilla, told to the Roman diplomat Prisku that
«at Scythians (so he called Alan – And. I., S. J.) it is accepted to have a rest and
to enjoy that is necessary to them after fights».34 Besides, this
the group Alan already knew, how Byzantines offered them
relatives from the first contingent in a hopeless situation at Vafei.
Pakhimer believed, as without imperial permission аланы
were going to arrive in own way.
For Mikhail the situation developed adversely. Many
soldiers of its anatoliysky army deserted to protect the
families and farms. Now everything depended from Alan. The emperor asked them
to prolong service life at least for three months, it is oath promising
additional payment and assuring that in writing asked the father
to allocate necessary funds. Meanwhile Osman and other Turkish
leaders collected forces to attack the decaying imperial
armies. Alana, having served three promised month, in 1303 left
imperial camp. Remained without the most efficient part
the emperor ran from Magnesia under cover of winter night,
According to Pakhimer's report, on April 22 emperor Mikhail IX
went to Magnesia on Germa, having headed big army from the elite
alansky cavalry. The last the competent actions
cleared the plain from «behaving outrageously in settlements» the Turk, having grasped
large number captured and «rich military trophies». Turks ran
to mountains. The inspired Mikhail convinced officers to attack the Turk, while
they didn't recover from defeat and didn't prepare for defense.
Pakhimer specifies that the initiative was on the party of Byzantines, and
the moral spirit in armies was high, thanks to resolute actions
Alan, not lost in attack of any fighter. However the Byzantian
voivodes broke the begun approach, having convinced the emperor to stop
attack, allegedly being afraid for his life. Actually Pakhimer accused
the Byzantian commanders in cowardice: «And huge and it is good
the armed army returned (to Magnesia – And. I., S. J.), not
having finished successfully begun approach».33 It is possible to present only
indignation Alan – the tempered veterans of the Mongolian armies such
behavior of the Byzantian commanders. As one would expect, these
events turned back accident. Encouraged unexpected and
undeserved success Turks in huge weight rushed on
defenseless settlements, plundering and killing. And at this time the Byzantian
the army disappeared behind walls of Magnesia and observed, how poor
Christians sought safety in flight on islands at the western coast.
Now, when passes to agricultural areas were
are unblocked, Turks could manage there freely.
Meanwhile Alan at Byzantines expired contractual year of service, and
they decided that from them it is enough such "leadership". They explained
to the emperor that never used them for long military
the companies, and at Nogaya they participated only in solving battles, and
then went on rest and restoration. It is very remarkable,
that for nine centuries before the Roman officer serving at court
gunnsky leader Attilla, told to the Roman diplomat Prisku that
«at Scythians (so he called Alan – And. I., S. J.) it is accepted to have a rest and
to enjoy that is necessary to them after fights».34 Besides, this
the group Alan already knew, how Byzantines offered them
relatives from the first contingent in a hopeless situation at Vafei.
Pakhimer believed, as without imperial permission аланы
were going to arrive in own way.
For Mikhail the situation developed adversely. Many
soldiers of its anatoliysky army deserted to protect the
families and farms. Now everything depended from Alan. The emperor asked them
to prolong service life at least for three months, it is oath promising
additional payment and assuring that in writing asked the father
to allocate necessary funds. Meanwhile Osman and other Turkish
leaders collected forces to attack the decaying imperial
armies. Alana, having served three promised month, in 1303 left
imperial camp. Remained without the most efficient part
the emperor ran from Magnesia under cover of winter night,
In the spring of Roger de Flore went with these complaints in
Constantinople. That he demanded is remarkable to provide
regimentals as well Alan, which, according to him, «so
are brave in fight as far as now he ceases to trust the own
to soldiers». These estimates are given by Pakhimer, but they, as well as followed
to expect, are absent at Muntaner. However Roger, being germano-
the Italian, could test disagreements with the aragono-
Catalan subordinates. In any case, leaving the imperial
the capital, it took away horses for Alan, and also provisions and payment for
the army. In the first of March it came back on полуостров.42
This time аланы began to show discontent apropos
unequal payment. Bartus, in detail studied military man
the isteblishment in late Byzantium, counted up that аланы received 3
«гиперпирона» in a month, whereas the Catalan horseback rider – 34, and
the infantryman – 8, 5. Giperpiron was a gold coin, it is a little
conceding in the price to old Solid or номизме.43 Thus,
the alansky soldier received only a third of that Byzantines paid
to the Catalan infantryman, and only the eleventh part from a salary
Catalan horseback rider. It is natural that аланы, even what
free of charge received horses, considered it несправедливым.44
Meanwhile Andronik sent the sister (Roger's mother-in-law) with that,
that it convinced the Catalan commander to make active military
actions. On its arrival in camp all army was built for
receiving the next payments. Thus аланы were personally convinced, how
a little in it pay in comparison with Catalans. It caused the mixed
feeling of anger and hostility to the European mercenaries. Following
the case only strengthened hostility. Some Alan went on
mill grind the grain delivered together with the monetary
allowance. There they saw, how almogaver tried to rape
hostess of a mill. Alana rushed on protection and rescued it. Thus
one of Alan threatened to arrive with the commander of almogaver the same as
it arrived with great domestiky Raul. Almogavera accepted threat
seriously also beared malice on Alan. Pakhimer in detail describes this
incident while Mutaner at all doesn't mention it, though
he tries to explain the subsequent events which have brought to
death of many Catalans, including Rogera.45
At night on April 9, 1304 when аланы slept, almogaver attacked
on them large number. One threw a spear from roofs, others waited
surrounded at doors outside to kill the running out. In reply
аланы seized the onions and arrows. According to Pakhimer, victims
were multiplied from both parties until Girgon's son, «the brave
the soldier and the important commander», wasn't to death struck with a spear of an almogaver.
Roger, probably given the order on treacherous attack, at last,
interfered and took away the people. But morning of collision renewed.
As a result was lost 300 Alan and unstated number of almogaver.
According to sources, during Girgon's attack was absent, and to these
it is possible to explain the solution of almogaver a misfortune on anything to N
Eventually Andronik remembered them, sent money and
asked to return under its banners. But аланы refused,
preferring, according to Pakhimer, «it is better to die, than again to serve
with Catalans». At the same time they once again showed the
exclusive military abilities: their group from 200 horseback riders
наголову broke Turkish vanguard in 900 people, having destroyed more
half, and almost without loss left from боя.48
The aforementioned Catalan historian of the XVII century of de Monkada tried
to lay blame for performance of inhabitants of Magnesia against Roger de
Flora on Alan. The last allegedly lined residents on
revolt, concealing rage on Catalans. With the help Alan citizens closed
gate before Catalans, having left them in a clean floor. Roger declared
magneziyets rebels the city strengths of Catalans also decided to besiege and
part Alan, remained true латинянам. Without having possibility
to confirm or disprove this version by means of others
sources, to us remains константировпть that fact that in this siege
many were lost аланы and inhabitants of Magnesia. Nevertheless, they kept
until emperor Andronik, at last, didn't withdraw
The Catalan Company also sent it to Thrace to help Mikhail
IX to suppress the mutiny threatening to northern boundaries of the empire.
Pakhimer gives very remarkable information, agrees
which, Mikhail warned the father that his army, especially аланы and
soldiers from the anatoliysky villages ruined (Catalans), can
to rebel, if «Catalans come nearer to them».49
Knowing about it, Roger took away the Company in Gallipoli, where
Catalans remained all winter of 1304-1305. In the spring Catalans
refused to submit to orders of the emperor, yet didn't receive
due payment for winter months. During this moment Roger made
improbable act against which him warned all: and wife, and
mother-in-law, and all his officers. Despite their admonitions, it went with
visit to the rate of young emperor Mikhail which was in
Adrianople. Roger perfectly knew that as a part of the imperial
armies there was a big contingent Alan under command of Girgon,
which as, however, and all imperial army, were malicious on
Catalans. Perhaps, Roger hoped somehow to reconcile
with Girgon who knows? If so, the last didn't gather
to accept any apologies and Rogera at once, as that killed
appeared in Adrianople.
Muntaner and Pakhimera's reports provide different versions
the happened. The Byzantian source writes off everything exclusively on
revenge Alan and their commander, emphasizing that Mikhail had no to it
any relation. And Muntaner assigns all responsibility on
young императора.50 Alemani believes that it was made with
it is conducted and even by order of Mikhail. The last was used by Alan,
thirsting to revenge a krovnik, as the tool of the intentions.
The majority of the Catalans who have arrived with Roger, also were killed.
After that connection Alan and, so-called, «туркополов»
(mercenaries from Thrace) unsuccessfully tried to storm
Alana resorted to the favourite tactics
«false retreat», trying to entice Catalans in the field. However
the last were well familiar with this military cunning and not
gave in on dodge. After that аланы left to the north to families. For
them it is reserved Catalans followed to attack their camp in
rest time. Everything ended tragicly for many Alan. They not
could be developed in a fighting order for everyone tried to protect
the native. Katalantsa, preparing the blow, well knew about the exclusive
devotion Alan to the families, many of which was lost, in
the single battling at the tents to rescue relatives, Those,
who survived in this awful slaughter, with the remains of families in 1306 left
to Bulgaria.
So the last Byzantian saga Alan, as soon ended and
the Byzantian empire which has stopped the existence under
in blows the Turk, not managed on advantage to estimate one of
the best fighters of that time. Misunderstanding of customs, traditions and
features of military culture of orthodox allies Alans
representatives of a dynasty Paleologov, their inability in the best way
to use fighting qualities of these last knights of the Middle Ages
for protection of the state approached its disgraceful end.
ALANS CHRONICS
107 g to N э - the First historical emergence roksolans, between Dnepr and Don; Tasy, the leader роксоланов, the ally of the tsar of the Crimean Scythians Palaka against the pontiysky tsar Mitridat VI Evpatora.
64/47 to N э - the First historical emergence аорсов, between Don and the northeast of the Caspian Sea: Spadin, the tsar аорсов during Farnak, tsar Bospor.
22/55 - Alan, the new name of the state Yantsay, to the northwest from Kangyuya (Sogdiana): a possible trace of formation of the alansky breeding union, with a prevailing Sarmatian kernel.
35 g - the First historical emergence аланов, to the North from the Caucasus: the raid inspired by Tibery аланов against the Armenian kingdom, Parfiya's vassal.
49 g - Evnon, the tsar аорсов, the ally of Romans and Kotis I, tsar Bospor, against Mitridat, the brother of the last.
60/67 g - Embassy to "Aorsiya's great tsars", possibly, from Olviya.
69г. - Attack роксоланов to Moesia, reflected by the III legion.
72 g - Alansky attack on Parfiya's vassals - Midiysky and Armenian kingdoms.
93/123 - the Possible union between local barbarous воздями and аланами during Savromat I, tsar Bospor.
117/38 - Attacks of Sarmatians and роксоланов to Moesia at Andrian. The world with the tsar роксоланов, possibly, P. Ely Rasparagan.
135 g - Alansky raid to Albania, the Mussel, Armenia, reflected by Arrian Flavy from Nikomediya.
138/61gg - Alansky attacks at Antonina Pia.
167/80 - Alana in Mark Avrely's German wars.
180 g - Roksolana to the North from the East Danube border shortly before Mark Avrely's death.
185/89 - Alansky attack on Mtskheta, the capital of Iberia, reflected by the Georgian tsar Amzasp I
193/208 – Iraq, «the main alansky translator» in Panticapaeum.
225 g – Alana in the union with the Armenian tsar Hosrovom I against Persians.
235-38 Pravlen of Maksimin, allegedly alansky origin.
238/44 – Gordian's III Defeat from Alan at Filippakh.
243/73 гг – to Rasshiren of a zone of influence of Sasanidsky Iran to «Alansky Gate» (Daryal) at Shapurei.
260 g – Murder of usurper Regalian in Moesia on demand роксоланов.
274 g – Alana in Avrelian's triumph over Zenobia Palmirskoy and Gallic usurper Esuvy Tetrik.
276/82 – Collisions between Rome and аланами at Test.
330/38 – Alana in the union with Sanesan, the tsar «массагетов» against the Armenian tsar Hosrova II Kotaka.
351/67 – Alana in the union with the Armenian tsar Arshak II against Persians.
375 g – Submission аланов Huns. Destruction of an ostrogotsky kingdom of Ermanarikh by Huns and аланами.
377/8 – Alliance of Huns and аланов with other barbarians in Moesia.
378 g – Attack аланов on Gratsian in Pannony.
Alana in an army of the tsar визиготов Fritigerna in battle at Adrianople (on August 9). Defeat and death of the emperor Valenta. Raids it is ready, Huns and аланов to Constantinople.
379 g – Victories of the emperor Feodosiya over аланами, Huns and Ghats.
380 g – the Set аланов in the Roman army Gratsian. Posleleniye of alansky, gunnsky and gothic auxiliary armies in Pannony Feodosiy.
383/4 – Alans and Hunns auxiliary armies are called by franksky magister militum Bavton against ютунгов in Retsy.
390 g – Ethnographic digression of historian Ammian Martsellina about аланах.
394 g – Saul, the leader of alansky auxiliary armies Feodosiya in battle at the river Frigid against Arbogasta and the usurper Evgenia Flavia.
398 g – Alans auxiliary armies in Northern Italy.
401/10 – Alana in an army of the vizigots king Alarikh in Northern Italy.
402 g – Alans auxiliary armies in Stilikhon's army in battle against Alarikh at Pollentsiya. Collisions аланов with Huns (the place isn't known).
405 g – Alans and hunns auxiliary armies in Stilikhon's army against the ostrogotsky tsar Radagaysa.
406 g – Transition through Rhine vandal tsar Godigizel and alansky tsar Respendial. Battle with franks federats on the Roman service (on December 31). Office previous these events Alan Goara.
407 … – Invasion into Gallia аланов, свевов and vandals.
409 … – Invasion into Spain alans, seovs and vandals.
411 g – and) the Section of Spain aggressors: alans, Luzitaniya's possessors and Carthago province. Unsuccessful attempt to conclude the agreement with emperor Gonory.
б) Alana on Geronty's service, magester militum of usurper Maxim in Tarragona.
в) declaration as the emperor of usurper Iovin in Mundiaka (Germany the Second) Alan Goar and burgundy Guntiary.
414 g – leaving allied of alans- westgoths during a siege Vasat (Aquitania).
416/7 – Valliya's Campaigns, cooking vizigoths, against alans and vandals in Spain.
418 g – Addak, the tsar аланов in Spain, is won and killed Valliyey, possibly, at Gibraltar («in tartessky lands»). Submission remained alans to Gunderikh, the king of vandals-asdingov in Galletsy.
424/71 – Activity and an eminence of a family of Alan Flavia Ardavur Aspar in Byzantium.
428/77 – Geyzerikh, the tsar of vandals and alans. The organization of vandal army on hiliarkhiya.
429 g – Transition of vandals and alans from Spain to North Africa.
440 g – the Settlement in Valanse alans under Sambida's leadership.
<442 g – the Settlement alans in the Transalpine Gallia Aetsy.
<!--442-->
447/8gg. – Eokhar, the king of alans, sent by Aetsius against bagauds in Armorica- Britane in punishment for their revolt, and stopped by St. Herman.
450/60 – Expedition of the Georgian tsar Vakhtang Gorgasali against аланов.
451 g – Sangiban, the tsar alans in the Orleans, ally Aetsiya and vizigotsky tsar Theoderich in fight on Katalaunsky fields against hunns tsar Attila.
453 g – Submission (parts) alans in (Transalpine) Gallia vizigots king Torismud.
455 g – Alana in fight at Nedao (Pannony's) river between Ardarik, the tsar гепидов, and Attila's sons. Later – the settlement in Small Skifiya and the Bottom Moesia alansky leader Kandak.
458 g – Alansky auxiliary armies in army in Mayorian.
464 g – Beorgor, the king of alans, is won and killed at Bergamo by patrician Ritsimer (on February 6)
477/84 – Gunerikh, the tsar of vandals and alans.
478 g – a certain Alan's Attempt at the consul of Il, the adviser of emperor Zenon.
487/8 g – Expedition from Ravenna against ругов, headed by the tsar skirs Odoakr with an alans army.
530/33 – Gelimer, the tsar of vandals and alans.
531/78 – the Basis of Derbent and carrying out fortifikatsionny works in East and the Central Caucasus the Sasanidsky tsar Hosrovom Anushirvan against invasion of northern nomads.
Creation of the "alans" boundary district.
534 g – Destruction of a vandal kingdom by Velizary in Africa.
548 g – the Conclusion tsar Laziki Gubaz of the union with alans and savirs against Iveriya subject at that time to Sasanid Iran.
549 g – Alana in expedition of Sasanid commander Horian (Farrokhan) against Lazika.
550 g – the Geographical description of the Caucasus Prokopy Kesariyskim.
555г. – Description of the Caucasus Pseudo-Zakhariyem Ritor.
556 g – Possible territorial conflict between alans and misimians, citizens of tsar Laziki.
557 g – Arrival of Avars to lands of the king of alans Sarosiya (Sarody, Sara)
561 g – Fifty years of the world between Justinian and Hosrovom Anushirvan. аланам both to Huns to pass a ban Daryal and Derbent for attacks to the Byzantian territories.
569-571/2 – Zimarkh's Embassy in West Turkic kaganat. Attempt of Persians to bribe alans that with their help to intercept Zimarkh. The intense relations between the tsar аланов Sarody and Turkic ambassadors at return of mission of Zimarkh through alansky lands.
572 g – the emperator of alans Sara, the ally of the strategist of Armenia Ionn against Persia.
574/78 – In Tibery's board are taken prisoner and delivered to Byzantium as hostages alans (allies of Persians).
576 g – Prospective submission (parts) alans the western Turkic peoples.
580 g – Invasion into the Persian Azerbaijan alans, employed by Byzantines.
642 g – Kampaniya Hudayfy Ben Asida (Assad), the commander of Caliph Omar I, in alans mountains. Construction by Arabs of strengthenings in mountain passes of the Central Caucasus.
662/3 – Muslim expedition against alans.
705/15 – Adventures a spafariya of the Lion (future emperor Lev III) in the Caucasus. A campaign alans against Avasgiya. (being under the power of Arabs), inspired by Justinian II.
715/20 – the Arab expedition against аланов at Caliph Omar II.
721/2 – Invasion a turks (Khazar) to the country alans.
722/3 – Defeat of the Arab commander Tabitha al-Nakhrani аланами and Khazars.
723/4 – Expedition against аланов and the Khazar under leadership al-Dzharrakha бенг Abdallakh al-Hakami.
724/5 – Alana – tributaries of the caliphate Omeyadov as a result of expedition against them under command al-Hadzhdzhadzh Ben Abd is scarlet - Malika.
728/9 – Expedition against Turkic peoples (Khazar) under leadership Maslamakh Ben Abd is scarlet - Malika through Alans Gate (Daryal).
730/1 - Defeat and death al-Dzharrakha Ben Abdallakh al-Hakami from the hands of Turkic peoples (Khazar) which have intruded through the country alans.
735/6 – the Capture of three fortresses in the country аланов Mervan Ben MuBen Mahomed.
737/8 – Expedition against the country the Khazar under leadership Mervan Ben Mahomed through Alans Gate- DARIAL.
751 g – Alans auxiliary armies in Armenia on service in Konstantin V army.
758 g. Capture of Alans Gate by Yazid B. Usayd B. Sullami.
820/23 – Alana in Foma Slavyanina's army, the leader of revolt against the Byzantian emperor Mikhail II.
842/47. Travel of translator Sallam to a yard of the Hazaria tsar through the country аланов.
851/2 – Abu Moussa Bugi Starshego's Expedition against the Georgian, Abkhazians, alans and the Khazar. Hundred alans families are moved in Dmanisi (Tashiri).
888/923 – Alan Bakatar, the ally of the tsar of Abkhazia Bagrat I against the Georgian tsar Adarnaseii.
900 g – Alano-hazarsky war in Aaron's board, the tsar of Hazaria.
903/13 – the Geographical description of the Alansky kingdom Ibn Rusta.
905/15 – the Address of the alans tsar to Christianity with mediation эксусиаста Avasgy. Beginning of mission of Peter, archbishop of Alania.
924 g – Attempt of emperor Roman I Lekapin to create the anti-Bulgarian alliance with Russian, pechenegians, alans and Magyars.
931 g – Recreancy alans from Christianity. Exile of bishops and the priests sent by the Byzantian emperor.
943/56 – the Geographical description of an alansky kingdom al-Masudi. First mention of its capital, Magas. Alliance between the tsar аланов and the tsar of the Dagestan Avars.
944/5 – the Campaign alans, russes and lesges against Arran.
945/59 – the First written mention of an eksusiokrator of Alania (it is dated board and Konstantin Bagryanorodnogo's literary activity).
965 g – Defeat of the Hazaria empire and defeat Alan and Circassians from the Russian prince Svyatovlava Kiyevskogo.
1014/27 – Alans princess Alda, ожжена the Georgian tsar George I.
1029 and) Death of the alansky tsar Urdur killed in battle by the tsar of Kakheti to Kvirika III.
б) Yaroslav the wise expedition against alans.
1032/33gg. Unsuccessful attacks аланов, Avars and Russian on the Muslim city-states of Shirvan and Derbent in East Transcaucasia.
1050/55gg. – The novel of emperor Konstantin IX Monomakh with the daughter of the tsar of Alania.
1062/65 – Alans campaigns through Daryal against the shakhdadidsky Emirate of Arran (East Transcaucasia). Dorgolel, tsar аланов. Marriage of the Georgian tsar Bagrat IV with alansky princess Borena.
1072/75 – the Set of mercenaries in Alania Mikhail VII Duca for suppression mutiny of Norman Roussel. Alans mercenaries on service at brothers Komninov in Anatoli.
1075/95 – Maria Alanskaja's Intrigues, Mikhail VII Duca and Nikifor III Votaniat's wife, in Byzantium.
Irina Alanskaya, wife of a sevastokrator of Isaak Komnin.
1107/8 – Rosmik, an eksusiokrator of Alania, on service at Byzantium during invasion into Epirus Norman prince Boemund Antiokhiyskogo.
1116 and) Expedition of Russian against polovets. Braque Yaropolk, son Vladimir Monomakh with the alansky princess.
б) Alans mercenaries in an army gathered by Alexey I Komnin for reflection of Turks-seldzhukov of the Sultan Meliye-Shah.
1130 – Abu Hamid's Stay al-Garnati in Derbent.
1150 – Huddan, the tsar alans. Marriage of the Georgian tsarevitch George with alans pricess- Burdukhan.
1153 – Ibn's Travel al-Azraka to Alania with the Georgian tsar to Demetra I.
1155/6 – Alans mercenaries in the expedition sent by emperor Manuil I Komnin for an otvoyevaniye of Italy.
1160/73 – Veniamin Tudel's Travel. The certificate on Judaic communities in Alania.
1173/4 – the Campaign alans, Russian, cummans and Avars on Beck Leopard's service against shakh- Akhsatana B. Manuchikhra.
1175 – Andrey Bogolyubsky's Murder, the prince Vladimir, a klyuchnik Anbal, Alan.
1184/1212 – Marriage of the Georgian queen Tamara with David Soslan.
1185 – Alansky mercenaries in defense and at a capture of Thessaloniki against the Sicilian Normans.
1189 – Destruction of the case of alans mercenaries near Filippopolya (Plovdiv) crusaders of the German emperor Friedrich I Barbarossa.
1222 – the First Mongolian expedition against the Caucasus: defeat alans and kipchaks.
1225/30 – Alana on service at the Georgian queen Rusudan against Horezmshakh Jalal's invasion it is scarlet - Dina.
1226/40 – the Vicarial trip of bishop Feodor to the Alans mother country.
1229/59 – Conquest аланов and resettlement to China of alans families Mongols in board of Ugedeya and Munke.
1236/7 – to Kachir-Ukul, the emir of experts seized and executed by Munke on coast of Volga.
1239/40 – Alana and their capital Magas are won by Mongols.
1243/69 – Marriage the Georgian tsar David VII Ula with alans princess- Altun.
1245/55gg. – The message on resistance of a part alans Mongols in the Caucasus.
1253/55gg. – Wilhelm de Rubruka's travel to the Mongolian empire. Alana in Karakoruma.
1258/1368 – Hostilities of alansky mercenaries on service at the Mongolian dynasty Yuan in China.
1261 – Diplomatic relations between the mamlyuksky sultan it is scarlet - Malik al-Zakhirom and Berke, the khan of the Golden Horde, through alansky merchants.
1263/64 – the Message on alans settlements in the Crimea.
1275 – Destruction of alansky garrison from armies of the Mongolian commander of the Bayan in the Chinese city of Chzhenchao.
1277/78 – Expedition of Russian princes against Alan, sent by the khan of the Golden Horde Menke Timur.
1280/1300 – Alana on service at the Mongolian leader Nogaya in the Golden Horde.
1290/1300 – Campaigns to Georgia under leadership of alans tsarevitch Paradzhan.
1298/99 – Alans merchants in Kaff during city plunder by the Mongolian leader Nogayem.
1300/1 – Internal war in the Golden Horde. An army set son Nogaya Dzhuge in «the country аланов», possibly, in Moldova.
1300/10 – Campaigns under the leader
1310/23 – Thirty thousand аланов on service of the Mongolian empire Yuan in China.
1314/46 – Defeat and exile аланов from Georgia tsar George V Blistatelnym.
1318 – the First written certificate on presence alans (jaszpeople-
www.jasznaplo.hu) in Hungary.
1322 – Itil and Temer, alans on service of the Bulgarian tsar George Second Terter at defense Filippopolya against Byzantines.
1329 – Death Sayf is scarlet - Dean Bagadur Asa, glorified alansky мамлюка in Egypt.
1333 – Ibn Batuty's Stay in the Golden Horde. Muslim Alana in the New Shed, the capital of the khan of the Uzbek.
1336-53 – the Embassy directed to the Pope Benedict by the XII Mongolian emperor of Togon Temur and five alansky princes in China. Mission of monk John Marinyoli in Hanbalyk.
1349 – John Kantakuzen, «the emperor alans».
1400/34 – Activity of alansky leader Arugtaya in Mongolia.
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